Full DataSet (Wide): 4913 sites

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As the human body is able to synthesize vitamin D from exposure to sunlight, deficiencies in this vitamin tend to occur most in dark-skinned individuals (who require more time in the sun to produce adequate amounts of the vitamin) and those living in regions of the world that get low levels of solar exposure. This is spelled out in far more precise and technical terms on this page, which includes an excerpt from the professional edition of the Merck Manual. Details on rickets (which is the disease associated with this nutritional deficiency) are supplied, along with extensive information on signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, diagnostic procedures, and treatment. Brief summaries of the two types of hereditary vitamin D deficiency conditions are also provided.

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6/5/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity : Vitamin C Deficiency

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Vitamin C, with its many important bodily functions (chief among them its role in the production of collagen), must be consumed by human beings regularly for survival. This entry from the professional edition of the Merck Manual describes scurvy, the name for the disease caused by vitamin C deficiency, outlining its signs and symptoms and its straightforward course of treatment (the administration of vitamin C supplements). Page also briefly summarizes the possible consequences of excess vitamin C consumption, which, though not serious, may cause diarrhea, excess iron load, and urinary calculi.

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6/5/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity : Vitamin B6 Deficiency and Dependency

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Most foods contain vitamin B6, notes this excerpt from the profession edition of the Merck Manual, and so serious deficiencies in the vitamin are rather rare. Still, they are possible, and this page explains what they can cause: dermatosis, glossitis, cheilosis, peripheral neuropathy, and lymphopenia. Details on the signs and symptoms of dependency are also available. Prose is technical, and page is fairly thorough.

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6/5/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity : Vitamin A Toxicity

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Though deficiency in vitamin A consumption is a far more serious threat, it is still possible to consume doses of the vitamin that cause toxicity. These doses usually must be rather massive to cause toxicity, which is manifested by a yellowing of the skin--especially of the palms and the soles of the feet--known as carotenosis. This page, which is an excerpt from the professional edition of the Merck Manual, explains this phenomenon and offers tips on diagnosis and treatment, which is straightforward and very effective.

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6/5/2002

Viamin A Deficiency

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A group of Swedish students has put together this project on vitamin A deficiency. Compact site discusses the history of vitamin A, its importance in the diet, food sources, signs and symptoms of deficiency, and treatment information. There is also information on the prevalence of vitamin A available, along with a brief summary of its precise metabolism and its relation to other diseases.

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6/4/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity : Vitamin K Deficiency

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Very technical prose describes the role of vitamin K (a generic term for several different chemicals) in the human body. The vitamin plays a role in blood coagulation, which is its most important function in the body. Page discusses the signs and symptoms of deficiency--which is usually a risk only to infants, as the vitamin is widely available in both plant and animal foods. For the rare cases in which it does occur, page offers tips on diagnosis and treatment.

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6/4/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity : Vitamin A Deficiency

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Vitamin A, also known is retinol, is available directly from animal sources and can be synthesized by the body from beta-carotene, which is found in abundance in both yellow-colored and green leafy vegetables. This excerpt from the professional edition of the Merck Manual explains all this and also covers the etiology, signs and symptoms, laboratory procedures, and treatment methods related to vitamin A deficiency. Language is written in the jargon of the medical profession.

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6/4/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity : Thiamine Deficiency and Dependency

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Learn about the effects of thiamine deficiency (including beriberi) on this page, which excerpts relevant material from the professional edition of the Merck Manual. Fairly detailed information is available on the signs of developing thiamine deficiency (including peripheral neurological changes, known as "dry beriberi"), as well as diagnostic and treatment information for the various sorts of beriberi. Thiamine dependency is summarized in one small paragraph at the end of the page.

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6/4/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 4, Mineral Deficiency And Toxicity : Selenium

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This very brief entry in the professional edition of the Merck Manual concisely describes the role of selenium in the human body. Page notes that the element appears to have some cancer-suppressing properties, but that further research is needed. Although deficiency and toxicity involving this mineral are both rare, page tersely describes what can occur under each scenario.

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6/4/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity : Riboflavin Deficiency

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Brief page describes the signs, symptoms, and causes of riboflavin deficiency in technical, scientific prose. Condition, which results from inadequate consumption of the vitamin or from alcoholism, liver problems, or chronic diarrhea, can lead to ocular lesions as well as to problems in the oral cavity (specifically angular stomatitis). Page is concise, overviewing signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings as well as the suggested course of treatment.

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6/4/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 2, Ch. 12, Water, Electrolyte, Mineral, And Acid-Base Metabolism : Potassium metabolism

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Excerpt from the professional edition of the Merck Manual discusses the metabolism of the most abundant intracellular cation--potassium (K). Page outlines how balances are achieved both inside cells and in interstitial space and discusses the two disorders of potassium metabolism: hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. For each of these conditions, find information on cause, prevention techniques, and course of treatment. Writing is in a technical style.

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6/4/2002

MEDLINEplus Medical Encyclopedia: Hyperkalemia

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This is the MEDLINEplus entry on hyperkalemia, a condition in which the body's levels of potassium are unusually high. Extensive outline covers the risks of the condition, its causes (usually originating in a kidney dysfunction), symptoms, prevention guidelines, and treatment (both acute and long-term). Page ends with a glance at potential complications and an outline of symptoms that warrant an immediate trip to the emergency room.

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6/4/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity : Pantothenic Acid Deficiency

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Pantothenic acid is widely available in an array of foods, which explains the very small amount of content provided on this page taken from the Merck Manual explaining what symptoms can be caused by a deficiency. These include malaise, abdominal discomfort, and burning feet (associated with paresthesias). Text is only two-paragraphs long.

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6/3/2002

Norman Clinical Laboratory, Inc.

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Norman Clinical Laboratory, Inc., is a company that provides testing of urine samples to determine the existence of vitamin B12 deficiency. The company's assays measure levels of MMA (methylmalonic acid) in order to help determine whether a B12 deficiency is to blame for dementia symptoms or whether other more troublesome causes are to blame (such as the early stages of Alzheimer's, etc.). Sidebar links to a variety of related on-site pages, which guide users through such questions as, "Who should be tested?", "What do the experts say?", and "Why is early detection important?" Testimonials are also available, as is a link that allows users to e-mail the company for more information.

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6/3/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 3, Vitamin Deficiency, Dependency, And Toxicity : Niacin Deficiency

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Niacin deficiency is the principal cause of pellagra, a condition that once afflicted legions of southerners who lived mostly on corn, which is deficient in the vitamin. Entry from the professional edition of the Merck Manual describes how deficiency occurs and what its effects are. Signs and symptoms of pellagra are outlined along with treatment suggestions. Language is technical and dense, most suited to medical professionals.

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6/3/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 4, Mineral Deficiency And Toxicity : Molybdenum

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Excerpt from the professional edition of the Merck Manual explains the role of the transitional element molybdenum in the human body. Technical document briefly discusses the occurrences of molybdenum deficiency and toxicity, which are rare, and also describes the recommended daily intake according to the Food and Nutrition Board of the NAS/NRC. Page is very concise, as this is one of the less troublesome minerals.

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6/3/2002

Micronutrients & Malnutrition

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Concise page outlines micronutrient malnutrition problems as they exist around the world. Site uses basic, straightforward language and provides maps that illustrate the prevalence of deficiency problems in the various nations across the globe. Deficiencies covered include those related to vitamin A, iron, and iodine. Page is sparse but interesting as a jumping-off point to more detailed information. It was created as a student project.

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6/3/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 1, Ch. 4, Mineral Deficiency And Toxicity : Manganese

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The online edition of the Merck Manual explains the role manganese plays in the human body. Neither manganese deficiency or toxicity is at all common; the mineral is present in abundance in whole grains, green leafy vegetables, and teas. Page explains this, notes that the mineral is essential for bone structure, and describes the absorption rate as five to ten percent. Page is quite brief, as manganese is a rather trouble-free mineral.

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6/3/2002

THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 2, Ch. 12, Water, Electrolyte, Mineral, And Acid-Base Metabolism: Magnesium

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Technical document from the online version of the Merck Manual professional edition examines the role of magnesium in the human body. It notes that the mineral exists as the fourth most plentiful cation in the body and discusses conditions associated with improper magnesium metabolism, such as hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia. Indications for treating those with these conditions are offered, as are details on magnesium metabolism among healthy individuals.

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6/3/2002

Magnesium: Coming of Age

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This article, first published in the "Harvard Heart Letter" in 1991, discusses the increasing body of research revealing the importance of magnesium to a healthy body. It notes that though blood levels of this mineral are low, it is found in abundance within the boundaries of the cell walls, supporting vital functions. It also observes that low blood levels of magnesium may play a role in artherosclerosis. Article is easy to read and aimed at those with little scientific background.

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6/3/2002

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